Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders involve repetitive thoughts, urges, or behaviours that feel difficult to control and may cause significant distress or interfere with daily life.

These conditions are not simply about being “neat” or “organised” – they are often driven by anxiety, fear, or discomfort that temporarily reduces when certain behaviours are carried out.

Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) involves obsessions (unwanted, intrusive thoughts, images, or urges) and compulsions (repetitive behaviours or mental acts performed to reduce anxiety).

Obsessions may include:

fear of contamination or germs
intrusive thoughts about harm or danger
unwanted taboo or distressing thoughts
excessive doubt or fear of making mistakes

Compulsions may include:

excessive cleaning or handwashing
checking things repeatedly (locks, appliances, etc.)
repeating actions or phrases
counting or arranging things in a specific way
seeking reassurance repeatedly

OCD can create a cycle where anxiety increases until a compulsion is performed, but relief is usually temporary.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

Body Dysmorphic Disorder involves a preoccupation with perceived flaws in appearance that are not noticeable or appear minor to others.

It may include:

frequent checking in mirrors or avoiding mirrors altogether
comparing appearance to others
feeling ashamed or anxious about appearance
seeking repeated reassurance from others
spending a lot of time trying to “fix” or hide perceived flaws

BDD can significantly affect confidence, relationships, and daily functioning.

Hoarding Disorder

Hoarding disorder involves persistent difficulty discarding possessions, regardless of their actual value.

It may include:

strong emotional attachment to items
distress at the thought of throwing things away
accumulation of items that leads to cluttered living spaces
difficulty organising belongings
avoidance of decisions about possessions

Hoarding can impact safety, living conditions, and relationships, and is often linked with anxiety or trauma.

How These Conditions Can Affect You

Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders can affect many areas of life, including:

emotional wellbeing and anxiety levels
daily routines and time management
relationships and social life
work, education, or home life
self-esteem and confidence

People may feel exhausted by the time and mental energy these thoughts and behaviours require.

Understanding These Conditions

These disorders are not habits or personality traits – they are recognised mental health conditions. The thoughts and behaviours are often driven by anxiety and a need to reduce distress.

Many people feel shame or embarrassment, but support and treatment can make a significant difference.