Domestic Abuse

Understanding Domestic Abuse and Violence

Domestic abuse or violence happens when someone in a close relationship uses behaviour to control, harm, or intimidate another person. This can occur between partners, ex-partners, or within families where people live together or are closely connected.

Domestic abuse is not always physical. It can involve a pattern of behaviour that causes harm and takes away a person’s sense of safety, confidence, and independence.

It can affect anyone, regardless of gender, age, background, or relationship type.

Types of Domestic Abuse

Domestic abuse can take many forms, including:

Emotional or psychological abuse – such as threats, humiliation, manipulation, or constant criticism
Physical abuse – including hitting, pushing, or any form of physical harm
Sexual abuse – any unwanted or forced sexual activity or behaviour
Financial abuse – controlling money, restricting access to funds, or creating financial dependence

Often, more than one type of abuse happens at the same time.

What Can Contribute to Domestic Abuse?

Domestic abuse is never caused by the victim, and it is never justified. However, relationships can become more stressful or unstable due to certain pressures, which may increase the risk of abusive behaviour in some situations.

These may include:

major life changes, such as bereavement, illness, or job loss
stressful transitions, such as moving home or having a baby
ongoing relationship difficulties or conflict
issues such as substance misuse or mental health difficulties

In some cases, abusive behaviour is linked to a need for control within the relationship. This may develop over time and can escalate gradually.

Signs and Effects of Domestic Abuse

It is normal for families or couples to have disagreements. However, domestic abuse is different from occasional conflict. It involves a repeated pattern of behaviour that makes someone feel unsafe, controlled, or afraid.

You may notice:

frequent arguments, tension, or walking on eggshells
feeling afraid of a partner or family member
loss of confidence or self-esteem
feeling isolated from friends or family
changes in behaviour, mood, or emotional wellbeing
physical signs of injury or unexplained harm
financial control or lack of access to money

Home should feel like a safe place. If you do not feel safe, supported, or able to be yourself, this may be a sign that something is wrong.

Understanding the Impact

Domestic abuse can have a serious emotional and physical impact. Over time, it may lead to:

anxiety, depression, or trauma responses
low self-worth or confusion about the relationship
difficulty making decisions or trusting yourself
feeling trapped or unable to leave

It is important to know that abuse is never the fault of the person experiencing it.

Reaching Out for Support

If you are experiencing domestic abuse, or are worried about someone else, support is available. You do not have to deal with it alone, and there are people who can help you stay safe and explore your options.

Talking to a trained professional or counsellor can provide a safe, confidential space to understand what is happening and what support is available.